| The Banyan
suite includes the following protocols: |
|
|
| VARP |
VINES
Address Resolution Protocol. |
| VIP |
VINES Internet Protocol. |
| ICP |
Internet Control Protocol. |
| RTP |
Routing Update Protocol. |
| IPC |
InterProcess Communications
Protocol. |
| SPP |
Sequenced Packet Protocol. |
| NetRPC |
NetRemote Procedure Call. |
| StreetTalk |
. |
The Banyan Network, known as VINES (Virtual
Networking System), is based on the UNIX operating system.
VINES uses UNIX multi-user, multi-tasking characteristics
to internetwork LANs and WANs. The Banyan suite includes
the following protocols:
The Banyan protocol
suite is illustrated here in relation to the OSI model:
Click the protocols on the map to see
more details.
VARP
The
VINES Address Resolution Protocol (VARP), is used for finding
node Data Link Control (DLC) addresses from the node IP
address.
Frames
VARP frames can be one of the following
types:
| [service
request] |
Requests
ARP service. |
| [service
reply] |
Acknowledges
ARP service available. |
| [assign
request] |
Requests
assignment of IP address. |
| [assign
reply] |
Assigns
IP address. |
Parameters
VARP packets have the
following parameters:
Network
Network number of servers responding
to ARP requests and the network number assigned to the station
requesting an IP address.
Server serial number
Decimal equivalent of the server
network number i.e., the server key number.
Subnet
Subnet number assigned to the
system requesting a VINES IP address.
Interested
in more details about testing this protocol?
VIP
The VINES Internet Protocol (VIP) moves
datagrams throughout the network.
Hop count
Maximum number of server hops
that the packet can make before a server discards them. VIP
decrements the hop count at each server (routing node).
Error flag
Error flag determines the action
on routing errors. If set to one, an ICP error frame is generated
if a routing error occurs with the packet.
Metric flag
When set to one, the destination
server sends an ICP metric frame to report the routing cost
to the destination end node.
Broadcast class
VIP uses the broadcast class
with the hop count to determine the routing requirements
of broadcast packets. Broadcast classes are as follows:
| 0 |
All reachable nodes
regardless of cost. |
| 1 |
All nodes reachable
at moderate cost. |
| 2 |
All nodes reachable
at low cost. |
| 3 |
All nodes on the LAN. |
| 4 |
All reachable servers
regardless of cost. |
| 5 |
All servers reachable
at moderate cost. |
| 6 |
All servers reachable
at low cost. |
| 7 |
All servers on the LAN. |
Destination Internet
address
The VINES Internet address
of the destination node, consists of an 8-digit hexadecimal
network number and a 4-digit subnetwork or user number in
the form XXXXXXXX.XXXX. VIP uses the subnetwork number 0x0001
for servers. Work stations have subnet numbers starting with
0x8000.
Source Internet address
The VINES Internet address
of the source node given in the same form as the destination
Internet address.
Interested
in more details about testing this protocol?
ICP
The Internet Control Protocol (ICP),
is used to notify errors and changes in network topology.
ICP frames may contain the following parameters:
Cost
Routing cost in seconds to
reach the specified destination node as given in ICP metric
frames.
Communication error
The error message returned
by ICP error frames. Possible messages are as follows:
| {Invalid
socket} |
Specified
socket invalid. |
| {Resource
in use} |
Resource
already in use. |
| {Invalid
operation} |
Specified
operation invalid. |
| {Bad MemAddr
par} |
Invalid
memory address parameter. |
| {Dest unreachable} |
Destination
node unreachable. |
| {Message
overflow} |
Message
overflow. |
| {Bad Dest
socket} |
Invalid
destination socket. |
| {Bad Addr
family} |
Invalid
address family. |
| {Bad socket
type} |
Specified
socket does not exist. |
| {Bad protocol} |
Protocol
does not exist. |
| {No more
sockets} |
No more
sockets available. |
| {No more
buffers} |
No buffer
space available. |
| {Timed
out} |
Connection
time out. |
| {Bad operation} |
Unsupported
operation. |
| {Resource
unavail} |
Resource
unavailable. |
| {Comm failure} |
Internal
communication failure. |
| {H/W Reset
failure} |
Hardware
controller reset failure. |
| {ARP error} |
Internet
address resolution error. |
| {User terminated} |
User terminated
request. |
| {Protocol
reset} |
Protocol
reset occurred. |
| {Protocol
discnct} |
Protocol
disconnect occurred. |
| {User aborted} |
User aborted
message. |
| {Resource
discnct} |
Resource
disconnected. |
Interested
in more details about testing this protocol?
RTP
The
Routing Update Protocol (RTP) is used to distribute network
topology.
Packets
RTP packets may be of the following types:
| [router
update] |
Routing
update from a router (server). |
| [endnode
update] |
Routing
update from an end node (workstation). |
Frame Parameters
RTP [router update]
packets have the following parameters:
Routing table size
Number of entries in the routing
table as returned by routing response packets. The routing
entry for each known router is given in the form: XXXXXX(CC),
where XXXXXXX is the server number and CC is the routing
cost to reach the server in units of 0.2 seconds.
Host system type
The host system type may be as
follows:
| XT, MB |
PC-XT class with multi-buffered
LAN controller. |
| AT, SB |
PC-AT class with single-buffered
LAN controller. |
| AT, MB |
PC-AT class with multi-buffered
LAN controller. |
Single-buffered LAN controllers use hardware/software
that require this protocol to load and transmit each data
block one at a time, while multi-buffered LAN controllers
are capable of transmitting streams of data.
Interested in more
details about testing this protocol?
IPC
The InterProcess Communications (IPC)
protocol provides both datagram and reliable message delivery
service.
Frames
IPC frames may be one of the following
types:
| [data] |
Bulk data
transfer. |
| [error] |
Transport
layer error notification. |
| [detach] |
Request
to disconnect transport connection. |
| [probe] |
Request
for retransmission of missed frame. |
| [data ack] |
Acknowledgment
of data transfer. |
Frame Parameters
IPC frames have the following parameters:
Source port
Message buffer interface used
by the transport layer to access the transport protocol.
Destination port
Local destination port in use
by the transport layer.
Sequence number
Numeric index used to track
the order of frames transmitted across a virtual connection.
Each direction of data flow across the virtual connection
uses an independent set of sequence numbers.
Acknowledgement number
Last sequence number received
from the other side of the virtual connection. For IPC error
packets, the sequence number of the packet causing the error
notification.
Source connection
ID
Reference code used to identify
the sending side of a virtual connection.
Destination connection
ID
Reference code used to identify
the receiving side of a virtual connection.
Interested
in more details about testing this protocol?
SPP
The Sequenced Packet Protocol (SPP) provides
a reliable virtual connection service for private connections.
Frames
SPP frames may be one of the following
types:
| [detach] |
Request
to disconnect transport connection. |
| [probe] |
Request
for retransmission of missed frame. |
| [data ack] |
Acknowledgment
of data transfer. |
Frame Parameters
SPP frames have the following parameters:
Source port
Message buffer interface used
by the transport layer to access the transport protocol.
Destination port
Local destination port in use
by the transport layer.
Sequence number
Numeric index used to track
the order of frames transmitted across a virtual connection.
Each direction of data flow across the virtual connection
uses an independent set of sequence numbers.
Acknowledgement number
Last sequence number received
from the other side of the virtual connection.
Source connection
ID
Reference code used to identify
the sending side of a virtual connection.
Destination connection
ID
Reference code used to identify
the receiving side of a virtual connection.
Interested
in more details about testing this protocol?
NetRPC
The NetRemote Procedure Call (NetRPC)
protocol is used to access VINES applications such as StreetTalk
and VINES Mail. A program number and version identify all
VINES applications. Calls to VINES applications must specify
the program number, program version, and the specific procedure
within the program, where applicable.
Frames
NetRPC frames may be one of the following
types:
| [request] |
Request from a VINES
client. |
| [reply] |
Response
from a VINES application. |
Frame Parameters
NetRPC frames can contain the following parameters:
Transaction ID
Code used to match NetRPC requests
with NetRPC replies.
Program number
Code used to refer to the requested
application.
Version number
Version number of the requested
program.
Procedure number
Procedure number of the requested
program.
Error status
Error status of the NetRPC reply.
Interested
in more details about testing this protocol?
StreetTalk
StreetTalk maintains a distributed directory of the names
of network resources. In VINES, names are global across the
Internet and independent of the network topology.
Interested
in more details about testing this protocol?
|
